Commonly Used Abbreviations | MLA Format
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Commonly Used Abbreviations

This page contains commonly used abbreviations and their meanings in research. At the bottom of the page, you will also find guide to days, months, and US states abbreviations.

AbbreviationsMeaning
a.m.ante meridiem (before noon)
p.m.post meridiem (after noon)
anon.anonymous
app.appendix
art., arts.article, articles
assn.association
assoc.associate, associated
AD, A.D.anno Domini
BC, B.C.before Christ
bibliog.bibliography, bibliographer, bibliographical
ch., chs.chapter, chapters
col., cols.column, columns
cond.conducted by, conductor
Cong.Congress
dir., dirs.directed by, director, directors
E., Eng.English
ed., eds.edited by, editor, editors, editions
e.g.exempli gratia (for example)
enl.enlarged
esp.especially
et al.et alii (and others)
etc.et cetera (and so forth)
ex., exs.example, examples
fig., figs.figure, figures
hist.history, historian, historical
i.e.id est (that is)
illus.illustrated, illustrator, illustration(s)
intro., introd.introduced by, introduction
ipsinches per second
jour.journal
L., Lat.Latin
lang., langs.language, languages
LC, L. C.Library of Congress (leave a space if periods are used)
mag.magazine
n., nn.note, notes
narr., narrs.narrated by, narrator, narrators
n.d.no date
no., nos.number, numbers
n.p.no place (of publication); no publisher
n. pag.no pagination
NTNew Testament
OTOld Testament
OEOld English
op. cit.opere citato (in the work cited)
p., pp.page, pages
par., pars.paragraph, paragraphs
PhD., Ph.D.Doctor of Philosophy
philos.philosophical
pl., pls.plate, plates, plural
pref.preface
prod., prods.produced by, producer, producers
pt., pts.part, parts
pub., pubs.published by, publication, publications
qtd.quoted
rept., repts.reported by, report, reports
rev.revised (by), revision, review, reviewed (by)
rpm, r.p.m.revolutions per minute
rpt.reprinted (by), reprint
sc.scene
sec., secs.section, sections
ser.series
soc.society
St., Sts.Saint, Saints
supp., supps.supplement, supplements
tech rep.technical report
trans.translated by, translator, translation
ts.typescript
U.S.United States
v., vs.versus (against)
v., vv.; vs., vss.verse, verses
vol., vols.volume, volumes

Days and Months:

 DaysMonths
Sun.Jan.
Mon.Feb.
Tues.Mar.
Wed.Apr.
Thurs.May
Fri.June
Sat.July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.

United States Territories

StatesStates
ALAlabamaMTMontana
AKAlaskaNENebraska
ASAmerican SamoaNVNevada
AZArizonaNHNew Hampshire
ARArkansasNJNew Jersey
CACaliforniaNMNew Mexico
COColoradoNYNew York
CTConnecticutNCNorth Carolina
DEDelawareNDNorth Dakota
DCDistrict of ColumbiaOHOhio
FLFloridaOKOklahoma
GAGeorgiaOROregon
GUGuamPAPennsylvania
HIHawaiiPRPuerto Rico
IDIdahoRIRhode Island
ILIllinoisSCSouth Carolina
INIndianaSDSouth Dakota
IAIowaTNTennessee
KSKansasTXTexas
KYKentuckyUTUtah
LALouisianaVTVermont
MEMaineVAVirginia
MDMarylandVIVirgin Islands
MAMassachusettsWAWashington
MIMichiganWVWest Virginia
MNMinnesotaWIWisconsin
MSMississippiWYWyoming
MOMissouri
{ 1 comment… add one }
  • Dick.Taylor March 21, 2020, 10:55 pm

    Let us change the worries of the past into the thinking and planning beforehand!

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